Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments (PDF),Kenneth L. Williamson, Katherine M. Masters
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In general, small quantities of nonhazardous water-soluble substances can be flushed down the drain with a large quantity of water. Hazardous waste, nonhazardous solid waste, organic solvents, and halo- genated organic waste should be placed in the four containers provided. CAUTION: It has been determined that several chemicals that are widely used in the organic laboratory e. Where possible, the use of these chemi- cals is avoided in this book. In the few cases where suspected carcinogens are used, the precautions noted should be followed carefully. The hazards have been pointed out, and safe handling procedures are given. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, Vol.
May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. IN CASE OF ACCIDENT1 In case of accident notify the laboratory instructor immediately. FIRE Burning Clothing. Prevent the person from running and fanning the flames. Rolling the person on the floor will help extinguish the flames and prevent inhala- tion of the flames. If a safety shower is nearby hold the person under the shower until flames are extinguished and chemicals washed away. Do not use a fire blan- ket if a shower is nearby. The blanket does not cool and smoldering continues. Remove contaminated clothing. Wrap the person in a blanket to avoid shock. Get prompt medical attention. Do not, under any circumstances, use a carbon tetra- chloride toxic fire extinguisher and be very careful using a CO2 extinguisher the person may smother.
Burning Reagents. Extinguish all nearby burners and remove combustible material and solvents. Small fires in flasks and beakers can be extinguished by cov- ering the container with a fiberglass-wire gauze square, a big beaker, or a watch glass. Use a dry chemical or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher directed at the base of the flames. Do not use water. Burns, Either Thermal or Chemical. Flush the burned area with cold water for at least 15 min. Resume if pain returns. Wash off chemicals with a mild deter- gent and water. Current practice recommends that no neutralizing chemicals, unguents, creams, lotions, or salves be applied. If chemicals are spilled on a person over a large area quickly remove the contaminated clothing while under the safety shower. Seconds count, and time should not be wasted because of modesty. CHEMICALS IN THE EYE: Flush the eye with copious amounts of water for 15 min using an eyewash fountain or bottle or by placing the injured person face up on the floor and pouring water in the open eye.
Hold the eye open to wash behind the eyelids. After 15 min of washing obtain prompt medical attention, regardless of the severity of the injury. CUTS: Minor Cuts. This type of cut is most common in the organic labora- tory and usually arises from broken glass. Wash the cut, remove any pieces of glass, and apply pressure to stop the bleeding. Get medical attention. Major Cuts. If blood is spurting place a pad directly on the wound, apply firm pressure, wrap the injured to avoid shock, and get immediate medical atten- tion. Never use a tourniquet. POISONS: Call information for the telephone number of the nearest Poison Control Center, which is usually also an number. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments SIXTH EDITION Kenneth L. Williamson Mount Holyoke College, Emeritus Katherine M. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www. Further permissions questions can be emailed to [email protected] Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Sixth Edition Kenneth L.
Masters Publisher: Charles Hartford Senior Development Editor: Sandra Kiselica Editorial Assistant: Jon Olafsson Associate Media Editor: Stephanie Van Camp Senior Marketing Manager: Nicole Hamm Marketing Assistant: Kevin Carroll Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Linda Yip Content Project Management: Pre-Press PMG Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: John Walker Print Buyer: Judy Inouye Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Roberta Broyer Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Image: Don Schlotman Production Service: Pre-Press PMG Copy Editor: Denise Rubens Cover Image: © Charles D. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section or of the United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Locate your local office at www. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. Contents Preface ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Laboratory Safety, Courtesy, and Waste Disposal 26 Techniques 3 Melting Points and Boiling Points 41 4 Recrystallization 61 5 Distillation 86 6 Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, and Sublimation 7 Extraction 8 Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analyzing Analgesics and Isolating Lycopene from Tomato Paste 9 Column Chromatography: Fluorenone, Cholesteryl Acetate, Acetylferrocene, and Plant Pigments 10 Gas Chromatography: Analyzing Alkene Isomers 11 Infrared Spectroscopy 12 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 13 Mass Spectrometry 14 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Refractive Indices, and Qualitative Instrumental Organic Analysis 15 Computational Chemistry Elimination, Substitution, and Addition The Synthetic Experiments 16 The SN2 Reaction: 1-Bromobutane 17 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides 18 Radical Initiated Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane v © Cengage Learning.
Images Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape Donate Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses. Internet Archive Audio Live Music Archive Librivox Free Audio. Featured All Audio This Just In Grateful Dead Netlabels Old Time Radio 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings. Metropolitan Museum Cleveland Museum of Art. Featured All Images This Just In Flickr Commons Occupy Wall Street Flickr Cover Art USGS Maps. Top NASA Images Solar System Collection Ames Research Center. Internet Arcade Console Living Room. Featured All Software This Just In Old School Emulation MS-DOS Games Historical Software Classic PC Games Software Library. Top Kodi Archive and Support File Vintage Software APK MS-DOS CD-ROM Software CD-ROM Software Library Software Sites Tucows Software Library Shareware CD-ROMs Software Capsules Compilation CD-ROM Images ZX Spectrum DOOM Level CD. Books to Borrow Open Library. Featured All Books All Texts This Just In Smithsonian Libraries FEDLINK US Genealogy Lincoln Collection.
Top American Libraries Canadian Libraries Universal Library Project Gutenberg Children's Library Biodiversity Heritage Library Books by Language Additional Collections. Featured All Video This Just In Prelinger Archives Democracy Now! Occupy Wall Street TV NSA Clip Library. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Mobile Apps Wayback Machine iOS Wayback Machine Android Browser Extensions Chrome Firefox Safari Edge. Wrap the person in a blanket to avoid shock. Get prompt medical attention. Do not, under any circumstances, use a carbon tetra- chloride toxic fire extinguisher and be very careful using a CO2 extinguisher the person may smother. Burning Reagents.
Extinguish all nearby burners and remove combustible material and solvents. Small fires in flasks and beakers can be extinguished by cov- ering the container with a fiberglass-wire gauze square, a big beaker, or a watch glass. Use a dry chemical or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher directed at the base of the flames. Do not use water. Burns, Either Thermal or Chemical. Flush the burned area with cold water for at least 15 min. Resume if pain returns. Wash off chemicals with a mild deter- gent and water. Current practice recommends that no neutralizing chemicals, unguents, creams, lotions, or salves be applied. If chemicals are spilled on a person over a large area quickly remove the contaminated clothing while under the safety shower. Seconds count, and time should not be wasted because of modesty. CHEMICALS IN THE EYE: Flush the eye with copious amounts of water for 15 min using an eyewash fountain or bottle or by placing the injured person face up on the floor and pouring water in the open eye.
Hold the eye open to wash behind the eyelids. After 15 min of washing obtain prompt medical attention, regardless of the severity of the injury. CUTS: Minor Cuts. This type of cut is most common in the organic labora- tory and usually arises from broken glass. Wash the cut, remove any pieces of glass, and apply pressure to stop the bleeding. Get medical attention. Major Cuts. If blood is spurting place a pad directly on the wound, apply firm pressure, wrap the injured to avoid shock, and get immediate medical atten- tion. Never use a tourniquet. POISONS: Call information for the telephone number of the nearest Poison Control Center, which is usually also an number. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments SIXTH EDITION Kenneth L. Williamson Mount Holyoke College, Emeritus Katherine M.
For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www. Further permissions questions can be emailed to [email protected] Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Sixth Edition Kenneth L. Masters Publisher: Charles Hartford Senior Development Editor: Sandra Kiselica Editorial Assistant: Jon Olafsson Associate Media Editor: Stephanie Van Camp Senior Marketing Manager: Nicole Hamm Marketing Assistant: Kevin Carroll Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Linda Yip Content Project Management: Pre-Press PMG Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: John Walker Print Buyer: Judy Inouye Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Roberta Broyer Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Image: Don Schlotman Production Service: Pre-Press PMG Copy Editor: Denise Rubens Cover Image: © Charles D.
No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section or of the United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Locate your local office at www. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. Contents Preface ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Laboratory Safety, Courtesy, and Waste Disposal 26 Techniques 3 Melting Points and Boiling Points 41 4 Recrystallization 61 5 Distillation 86 6 Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, and Sublimation 7 Extraction 8 Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analyzing Analgesics and Isolating Lycopene from Tomato Paste 9 Column Chromatography: Fluorenone, Cholesteryl Acetate, Acetylferrocene, and Plant Pigments 10 Gas Chromatography: Analyzing Alkene Isomers 11 Infrared Spectroscopy 12 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 13 Mass Spectrometry 14 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Refractive Indices, and Qualitative Instrumental Organic Analysis 15 Computational Chemistry Elimination, Substitution, and Addition The Synthetic Experiments 16 The SN2 Reaction: 1-Bromobutane 17 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides 18 Radical Initiated Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane v © Cengage Learning.
ix Preface Innovation and exploration have always been the hallmarks of Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, and that philosophy continues with this sixth edi- tion. We are proud to have been part of a movement toward the increased use of microscale experiments in the undergraduate organic laboratory course. As in previous editions, ease of use continues to be a chief attribute of the ped- agogical features in this text. From the first edition onward, icons have appeared in the margin that clearly indicate whether an experiment is to be conducted on a microscale or macroscale level. In preparing the sixth edition, we have attempted to build on the strengths of previous editions while continuing to add innovative and new techniques, fea- tures, and experiments. This section helps students to preview the outcome of synthetic experiments by instructing them on how to generate chemical data tables, spectral data tables, and how to calculate theo- retical yields; it also reviews percent yield calculations.
With that in mind, most of the new experiments in this edition are green. This experiment gives students hands-on experience with processing raw NMR data. There is no heating and no solvent involved, making it the ultimate green chemistry experiment. Green Chemistry Ecological wisdom is one of the tenets of the green movement. The ultimate object of green chemistry is to minimize the environmental impact of all chemical processes, including those that take place in the teaching laboratory. We achieved a major advance in this regard in with the publication of Microscale Organic Experiments. Green chemistry is relative. Every microscale experiment in this text is green compared to the macroscale version that uses to times as much starting material and solvent. The benzoin condensation Chapter 53 has traditionally used potassium cyanide as the catalyst.
On a microscale, this is reduced to 15 mg, one- tenth the lethal dose for the average human. Clearly, this is green compared to the macroscale experiment where a potentially lethal amount of cyanide is employed. But, almost a quarter century ago, thiamine was used as the catalyst for this reac- tion, and it was much safer because it is simply an edible vitamin.
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WebBook Descriptions: Online Reading And Free Download Organic Experiments 9th Edition By Williamson Kenneth L Hardcover Book That Written By Donald R. Release WebFeb 28, · Download PDF Convert to View on Amazon PREVIEW PDF Embed code Summary of Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments Page 1 f SAFETY Webto, the declaration as with ease as perspicacity of this Organic Experiments Williamson 9th Edition Lab Pdf can be taken as without difficulty as picked to act. Organic Webof guides you could enjoy now is Organic Experiments Williamson 9th Edition Lab below. Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Charles Owens Wilson WebOrganic Experiments Williamson 9th Edition Experiments Williamson 9th Edition Pdf as you such as. By searching the title, publisher, or authors of guide you really want, WebOrganic Experiments Williamson 9Th Edition PDF Book Details Product details Publisher: Brooks Cole; 9th edition (July 2, ) Language: English Hardcover: pages ... read more
From the first edition onward, icons have appeared in the margin that clearly indicate whether an experiment is to be conducted on a microscale or macroscale level. Occupy Wall Street TV NSA Clip Library. We are proud to have been part of a movement toward the increased use of microscale experiments in the undergraduate organic laboratory course. One other principle of waste control lies at the heart of this book. Dickneider, University of Scranton; and Nancy I. Do not use water. Some toxic substances can be oxidized or reduced to innocuous substances that can then be flushed down the drain; for example, hydrazines, mer- captans, and inorganic cyanides can be thus oxidized by a sodium hypochlorite solution, widely available as household bleach.
This type of cut is most common in the organic labora- tory and usually arises from broken glass. On a microscale, this is organic experiments williamson 9th edition pdf download to 15 mg, one- tenth the lethal dose for the average human. PREVIEW PDF. In preparing the sixth edition, we have attempted to build on the strengths of previous editions while continuing to add innovative and new techniques, fea- tures, and experiments. Carlson, University of Minnesota, Duluth; John T.
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